Multiple sclerosis research paper

Multiple sclerosis research paper

Multiple Sclerosis FAQs Types of MS Related Conditions Symptoms & Diagnosis. MS Symptoms it may be helpful to print the questionnaire found in this professional paper and bring your responses with you to your health care provider. Additional resources. Sleep Disturbances and MS addresses emerging research on sleep in MS Nov 06,  · Patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have a high level of fatigue and a reduced quality of life (QoL) due to the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS). Virtual reality-based therapy (VRBT) is being used to reduce disability in PwMS. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of VRBT on fatigue, the impact of MS, and QoL in PwMS. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was Sep 16,  · We review in this paper, therapeutic function of physical training in multiple sclerosis. The aim of this narrative review is to emphasize the current documents in exercise recommendation including aerobic, resistance, balance or combined trainingin MS patients, and to provide instructions for the sensible use of the physical modalities

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NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Multiple sclerosis research paper Health and Public Health Practice; Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda.

The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. Washington DC : National Academies Press US ; Jan Cannabis sativa has a long history as a medicinal plant, likely dating back more than two millennia Russo et al.

It was available as a licensed medicine in the United States for about a century before the American Medical Association removed it from the 12th edition of the U. Pharmacopeia IOM, multiple sclerosis research paper, Inpharmaceutical companies received approval to begin developing Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol THC preparations—dronabinol and nabilone—for therapeutic use, and as a result, cannabinoids were reintroduced into the armamentarium of willing health care providers Grotenhermen and Multiple sclerosis research paper, Efforts are now being put into the trials of cannabidiol as a treatment for conditions such as epilepsy and schizophrenia, 1 although no such preparations have come to market at this time.

Nabiximols, an oromucosal spray of a whole cannabis plant extract with a ratio of THC to cannabidiol CBDwas initially licensed and approved in Europe, the United Kingdom, and Canada for the treatment of pain and spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis GW Pharmaceuticals, ; Pertwee,but it continues to undergo evaluation in Phase III clinical trials in the United States. Nonetheless, therapeutic agents targeting cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids are expected to become available in the future.

The renewed interest in the therapeutic effects of cannabis emanates from multiple sclerosis research paper movement that began 20 years ago to make cannabis available as a medicine to patients with a variety of conditions. It was in that Arizona and California first passed medicinal cannabis legislation, although Arizona later rescinded the approval, so it would be California that paved the way. A recent national survey showed that among current adult users, There are certain states that provide more flexibility than others and that allow the use of medical cannabis for the treatment of any illness for which the drug provides relief for the individual.

Given the steady liberalization of cannabis laws, the numbers of these states are likely to increase and therefore support the efforts to clarify the potential therapeutic benefits of medical cannabis on various health outcomes. We added to these conditions of interest by examining lists of qualifying ailments in states where such use is legal under state law. The resulting therapeutic uses covered by this chapter are chronic pain, multiple sclerosis research paper, cancer, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, anorexia and weight loss associated with HIV, irritable bowel syndrome, epilepsy, spasticity, Tourette syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis research paper, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, dystonia, dementia, glaucoma, traumatic brain injury, addiction, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, multiple sclerosis research paper, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia and other psychoses.

The committee is aware that there may be other conditions for which there is evidence of efficacy for cannabis or cannabinoids. In this chapter, the committee will discuss the findings from 16 of the most recent, good- to fair-quality systematic reviews and multiple sclerosis research paper primary literature articles that best address the committee's research questions of interest. As a reminder to the reader, several of the prioritized health endpoints discussed here in Part II are also reviewed in chapters of Part III ; however, the research conclusions within these chapters may multiple sclerosis research paper. This is, in part, due to differences in the study design of the evidence reviewed e.

As such, it is important that the reader is aware that this report was not designed to reconcile the proposed harms and benefits of cannabis or cannabinoid use across chapters. Relief from chronic pain is by far the most common condition cited by patients for the medical use of cannabis. For example, Light et al. Likewise, Ilgen et al. In addition, there is evidence that some individuals are replacing the use of conventional pain medications e.

For example, one recent study reported survey data from patrons of a Michigan medical marijuana dispensary suggesting that medical cannabis use in pain patients was associated with a 64 percent multiple sclerosis research paper in opioid use Boehnke et al. Similarly, recent analyses of prescription data from Medicare Part D enrollees in states with medical access to cannabis suggest a significant reduction in multiple sclerosis research paper prescription of conventional pain medications Bradford and Bradford, Combined with the survey data suggesting that pain is one of the primary reasons for the use of medical cannabis, these recent reports suggest that a number of pain patients are replacing the use of opioids with cannabis, despite the fact that cannabis has not been approved by the U.

Food and Drug Administration FDA for chronic pain. Five good- to fair-quality systematic reviews were identified. Of those five reviews, Whiting et al. Snedecor et al. Two reviews on pain related to rheumatoid arthritis did not contribute unique studies or findings Fitzcharles et al. Finally, one review Andreae et al. Two of the primary studies in that review were also included in the Whiting review, while the other three were not.

It is worth noting that the conclusions across all of the reviews were largely consistent in suggesting that cannabinoids demonstrate a modest effect on pain. For the purposes of this discussion, the primary source of information for the effect on cannabinoids on chronic pain was the review by Whiting et al. Whiting et al. Where RCTs were unavailable for a condition or outcome, nonrandomized studies, including uncontrolled studies, were considered. This information was supplemented multiple sclerosis research paper a search of the primary literature from April to August as well as by additional context from Andreae et al.

The rigorous screening approach used by Whiting et al, multiple sclerosis research paper. Twenty-two of these trials evaluated plant-derived cannabinoids nabiximols, 13 trials; plant flower that was smoked or vaporized, 5 trials; THC oramucosal spray, multiple sclerosis research paper, 3 trials; and oral THC, 1 trialwhile 5 trials evaluated synthetic THC i.

All but 1 of the selected primary trials used a placebo control, while the remaining trial used an active comparator amitriptyline. The medical condition underlying the chronic pain was most often related to a neuropathy 17 trials ; other conditions included cancer pain, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, musculoskeletal issues, and chemotherapy-induced pain.

Analyses across 7 trials that evaluated nabiximols and 1 that evaluated the effects of inhaled cannabis suggested that plant-derived cannabinoids increase the odds for improvement of pain by approximately 40 percent versus the control condition odds ratio [OR], 1. The effects did not differ significantly across pain conditions, although it was not clear that there was adequate statistical power to test for such differences. This study Abrams et al.

It is worth noting that the effect size for inhaled cannabis is consistent with a separate recent review of 5 trials of the effect of inhaled cannabis on neuropathic pain Andreae et al. The pooled ORs from these trials contributed to the Bayesian pooled effect estimate of 3. There was also some evidence of a dose-dependent effect in these studies.

In the addition to the reviews by Whiting et al. One of those studies found a dose-dependent effect of vaporized cannabis flower on spontaneous pain, with the high dose 7 percent THC showing the strongest effect size Wallace et al. The other study found that vaporized cannabis flower reduced pain but did not find a significant multiple sclerosis research paper effect Wilsey et al.

Multiple sclerosis research paper two studies are consistent with the previous reviews by Whiting et al. The majority of studies on pain cited in Whiting et al. In their review, the committee found that only a handful of studies multiple sclerosis research paper evaluated the use of cannabis in the United States, and all of them evaluated cannabis in flower form provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse that was either vaporized or smoked.

In contrast, many of the cannabis products that are sold in state-regulated markets bear little resemblance to the products that are available for research at the federal level in the United States. For example, in betweenmultiple sclerosis research paper, andunits of medical and recreational cannabis edibles were sold per month in Colorado Colorado DOR,multiple sclerosis research paper, p.

Pain patients also use topical forms e. Thus, while the use of cannabis for the treatment of pain is supported by well-controlled clinical trials as reviewed above, very little is known about the efficacy, dose, routes of administration, or side effects of commonly used and commercially available cannabis products in the United States. Given the ubiquitous availability of cannabis products in much of the nation, more research is needed on the various forms, routes of administration, and combination of cannabinoids.

Cancer is a broad term used to describe a wide range of related diseases that are characterized by an abnormal, unregulated division of cells; it is a biological disorder that often results in tumor growth NCI, Cancer is among the leading causes of mortality in multiple sclerosis research paper United States, and by the close of there will be an estimated 1. Relevant to the committee's interest, there is evidence to suggest that cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system more generally may play a role in the cancer regulation processes Rocha et al.

Therefore, there is interest in determining the efficacy of cannabis or cannabinoids for the treatment of cancer. Using the committee's search strategy only one recent review was found to be of good to fair quality Rocha et al.

With the exception of a small clinical trial, these studies were all preclinical studies. All 16 of the in vivo studies found an antitumor effect of cannabinoids. The committee did not identify any good-quality primary literature that reported on cannabis or cannabinoids for the treatment of cancer that were published subsequent to the data collection period of the most recently published good- or fair-quality systematic review addressing the research question.

Clearly, there is insufficient evidence to make any statement about the efficacy of cannabinoids as a treatment for glioma. However, the signal from the preclinical literature suggests that clinical research with cannabinoids needs to be conducted.

Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of many cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. A number of pharmaceutical interventions in various drug classes have been approved for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Among the cannabinoid medications, nabilone and dronabinol were initially approved in for nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy in patients who failed to respond adequately to conventional antiemetic treatments Todaro,pp.

The cannabinoid therapies investigated in these trials included nabilone 14tetrahydrocannabinol 6levonantradol 4dronabinol 3and nabiximols 1. Eight studies were placebo controlled, and 20 included active multiple sclerosis research paper prochlorperazine 15; chlorpromazine 2; dromperidone 2; and alizapride, hydroxyzine, metoclopramide, and ondansetron 1 each. Two studies evaluated combinations of dronabinol with prochlorperazine or ondansetron. The average number of patients showing a complete nausea and vomiting response was greater with cannabinoids than the placebo OR, 3.

Of the 23 trials summarized in a Cochrane review Smith et al. The cannabinoids investigated were nabilone 12 or dronabinol 11 multiple sclerosis research paper, with 9 placebo-controlled trials participants and 15 with active comparators prochlorperazine, 11; metoclopramide, multiple sclerosis research paper, 2; chlorpromazine, 1; domperidone, 1.

Multiple sclerosis research paper 2 trials, a cannabinoid added to a standard antiemetic was compared to the standard alone. While 2 of the placebo-controlled trials showed no significant difference in those reporting absence of nausea with cannabinoids relative risk [RR], 2. Two trials found a patient preference for cannabinoids over the comparator. When compared to prochlorperazine, there was no significant difference in the control of nausea, vomiting, or both, although in 7 of the trials there was a higher chance of patients reporting a preference for the cannabinoid therapy RR, 3.

In their review the investigators state that cannabinoids were highly effective, being more efficacious than the placebo and similar to conventional antiemetics in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, multiple sclerosis research paper. Only 3 of the 28 trials in a systematic review of antiemetic therapies in children receiving chemotherapy involved cannabinoid therapies nabilone 2; THC 1 Phillips et al.

The comparators were prochlorperazine in the first nabilone trial, domperidone in the second, and prochlorperazine and metoclopramide in two separate randomizations in the THC trial. Another trial reported better nausea severity scores for nabilone compared to domperidone 1. The largest and most recent trial in this review compared THC to proclorperzine and found no benefit over the control on emesis RR, 1.

An additional search of the primary literature since the review by Whiting et al, multiple sclerosis research paper. The primary literature was then searched in an effort to find studies of cannabinoids compared to the more widely used antiemetics.

One trial conducted in investigated a cannabinoid therapy compared to the current generation of serotonin antagonist antiemetics, as opposed to the dopamine D2 receptor antagonists used in the earlier trials, multiple sclerosis research paper. This patient study evaluated the frequently used antiemetic ondansetron versus dronabinol versus the combination of the two in delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting Meiri et al, multiple sclerosis research paper.

The two agents appeared similar in their effectiveness, multiple sclerosis research paper, with multiple sclerosis research paper added benefit from the combination. Hence, the cannabinoid again fared as well as the current standard antiemetic in this more recent investigation. The oral THC preparations nabilone and dronabinol have been available for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting for more than 30 years Grotenhermen and Müller-Vahl,

MS Researcher Anne Cross Makes Significant Contributions to Multiple Sclerosis Research \u0026 Treatments

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Nov 06,  · Patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have a high level of fatigue and a reduced quality of life (QoL) due to the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS). Virtual reality-based therapy (VRBT) is being used to reduce disability in PwMS. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of VRBT on fatigue, the impact of MS, and QoL in PwMS. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was Recommendations for cognitive screening and management in multiple sclerosis care - professional paper published in the Multiple Sclerosis Journal; Find Professionals. Find Doctors and Resources - locate healthcare providers, including neuropsychologists and psychiatrists, with MS A look at thinking problems related to multiple sclerosis (MS). When you've got multiple sclerosis (MS), losing your keys or forgetting a name can be scary. You wonder whether the illness is